The Origin of Charaka Samhitha and Sushrutha Samhitha

Ayurveda, the science of healing, is based on ancient Indian philosophy. Though it has been practiced all along from the time of ‘Rig Veda’, it was around 2000 or 3000 B.C., the ayurvedic principles were systematically documented and codified, from oral tradition to book form.

Around 1500 B.C. Ayurveda delineated into two distinct schools – Atreya, the school of physicians and Dhanwantri – the school of surgeons Dhanvanthari, considered to be a reincarnation of lord Vishnu was the guardian sage of Ayurveda he made this science of life popular. These two schools of thought led to the writing of two major treatises on Ayurveda, the charaka samhita and the susruta samhita.

These two samhitas were written in the early part of 1000 B.C. The charaka samhita tells us the story of origin of Ayurveda.

The legend is, Brahma, the creator had imparted the knowledge of Ayurveda to prajapathi Daksha who, in turn,  passed it on to the twin “ Devas” Aswini kumaras, traditionally said to be celestial doctors. From these two, lord Indra acquired the complete knowledge of Ayurveda.

A Conclave of 50 Maharishis (sages) then decided to approach lord Indra, to seek the Ayurvedic knowledge from him so that human beings can be kept healthy and free from diseases. These Maharishis elected Rishi Bharadwaja, to approach Indra. Sage Bharatwaja quickly learnt this knowledge from Indra and shared it with other rishis. One of these rishis was Punarvasu Atreya. He and his six disciples compiled the treatises. One of his disciples, Agnivesha authored one of the treatises, titled “Agnivesha Tantra”. The great Physican sage charaka revised and supplemented these texts and wrote the “Charaka samhita” which till date is the most referred Ayurvedic text. The present from charaka samhita was revised during the 9th Century A.D. by a kashmiri Pundit, Dhridhabala. Charka samhita contains eight sections detailing complete knowledge of Ayurveda, its logic and phislisophy.

The Sushruta Samhita, follows the Dhanwanthar school of thought, and deals with surgery. It deals with, amazingly, plastic surgery. Not only that, if deals with caesarian surgery, prosthetic surgery to replace limbs, brain surgery etc.

Around 500 A.D. Veghabhaha compiled the third major treatise of Ayurveda, entitled “Astanga Hridaya” This treatise combines the knowledge of the two schools of Ayurveda and is followen by the Ayurvedic doctors of Kerala.

Some excerpts from charaka samhita

  1. That is named Ayurveda (the science of life), wherein are laid down the good and the bad of life, the happy and unhappy life, and what is wholesome and what is unwholesome in relation to life, as also the span of life.
  2. The Tridoshas – vata, pitta, and kapha-traverse though all the systems of circulation.
  3. The disciplined man who takes a wholesome diet lives for a period of 36,000 nights or a hundred years, blessed by good men and free from disease.


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Dr. Senthil Kumar. S (Dr SK) is an experienced Ayurveda Pharmacist and Physician with over 25 years of experience and a passion for herbs and how to use them to lead a natural healthy life. Read More
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